Bruises

When the small blood vessels (capillaries) beneath the skin are injured due to trauma or injury, bruises (contusions) can occur.

Initially, bruises start as red or purplish marks under the skin. As the body breaks down and reabsorbs the trapped blood, the color change to a bluish or greenish color before fading to yellow or brown as it heals. Most bruises usually heal within two to three weeks, but individual healing time varies due to the underlying injury's severity, circulation level, and other factors. 

Bruises can be tender or painful to the touch, and the pain level can vary depending on the injury's severity and location of the bruise.

While most bruises are harmless and resolve without treatment, severe or frequent bruising without cause may need medical attention as it might indicate an underlying medical condition.

It's essential to note that certain individuals may be more prone to bruising due to age, certain medications (such as blood thinners), vitamin deficiencies, or other medical problems. If you are concerned about frequent or unusual bruising, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

Home Remedies for Bruises

Usually, medical attention is not needed to treat minor bruises. Frequent or easy bruising can indicate a nutritional deficiency such as Vitamin C or lifestyle factors such as smoking which depletes Vitamin C. If you bruise excessively or from unknown causes, consult a healthcare practitioner to determine the cause.

Cold Compress

Apply a cold compress or ice pack to the bruised area. Wrap the ice pack in a thin cloth and apply it to the bruised area for 10-15 minutes, then remove to let the area rewarm several times a day.

The faster an injury is iced, the less likely it is to bruise and the less severe the bruising. Ice the affected area immediately after an injury to help reduce swelling and limit blood vessel leakage

Never apply ice directly to the injured area, but put an ice bag, ice in a zip lock bag, or even a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a washcloth or hand towel, which can be applied directly to the bruised area.

The cold constricts the blood vessels, reducing inflammation and soreness from the blood leaking into the tissues.

Always wrap the ice pack, leave it on for fifteen minutes, remove it for ten minutes, and continue ice therapy for twenty-four hours.

Warm Compress

After twenty-four hours, switch from ice to heat to dilate blood vessels and promote circulation. You can use a warm compress or warm towel on the bruise to help increase blood circulation and promote the reabsorption of blood.

Soaking the area in warm water, moist heating pads, or warm, moist towels work well.

Elevate and Rest the Injured Area

If the bruise is on the arms or legs, elevate the injured above heart level to reduce blood flow and minimize inflammation and swelling. Avoid unnecessary pressure on the bruised area and allow it to heal. If needed, use padding or protective gear to prevent additional injury.

Gentle Massage

After the first day or two, alternately warm and gently massage the bruised area to help increase blood flow, break up the dark blood staining the tissues, and promote healing. Do not use heavy pressure or press hard enough to cause pain. 

Vitamin C

Studies show that Vitamin C helps strengthen tissues resulting in less bruising around blood vessels in the skin.

Foods high in Vitamin C are citrus fruits, broccoli, sweet potatoes, and cauliflower. You can also take Vitamin C supplements to aid the healing of bruises.

Cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption deplete Vitamin C levels, so smokers and/or drinkers should ensure an adequate intake of this important nutrient.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency can cause easy bruising and reduced or slow blood clotting. Antibiotic usage can sometimes impair Vitamin K levels. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin required for proper blood clotting, and it helps strengthen the walls of the capillaries so they will be less prone to breakage.

Arnica

Arnica gel is a homeopathic remedy that reduces inflammation, swelling, and the total time it takes for the bruise to fade.

OTC Pain Relievers

Besides ice, heat, and rest, OTC pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce pain and discomfort. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or if the pain persists.

Cautions

It's important to note that severe or recurring bruising without an apparent cause, easy bruising, or bruising accompanied by other symptoms may indicate an underlying health issue. If you experience these symptoms, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.