Home Remedies for a Toothache: Effective Relief Options

A toothache occurs when the nerves within the dental pulp are irritated or damaged, often due to cavities, gum disease, or trauma. Issues like sinus infections or referred pain from other conditions can also trigger it.

Toothaches can range from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain, making simple activities like eating, drinking, or talking unbearable. The underlying cause (an infection or another issue) can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

While dental care is essential for permanent resolution, several home remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) treatments can temporarily relieve toothache pain.

Common Causes of Toothaches

  • Cavities: Decay erodes the enamel, exposing sensitive nerves.
  • Cracked or Broken Teeth: Physical damage allows stimuli to reach the nerves.
  • Gum Disease: Inflammation and infection of the gums can lead to pain.
  • Abscessed Tooth: A pocket of pus caused by bacterial infection can cause severe pain.
  • Tooth Sensitivity: Exposed roots or worn enamel can cause hot or cold food sensitivity.
  • Sinus Infections: Sometimes, sinus pressure can mimic a toothache.

Symptoms of a Toothache

  • Throbbing or sharp pain in or around a tooth
  • Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
  • Swelling around the tooth or jaw
  • Fever (in cases of infection)
  • Headaches or referred pain in the neck or ears

When to See a Dentist

A toothache can be a sign of serious dental issues. If you experience any of the following, seek professional care immediately:

  • Persistent or worsening pain
  • Swelling in the face or jaw
  • Fever or chills
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Pus or foul-tasting discharge from the tooth or gums

Effective Home Remedies for Toothache Relief

Toothaches can be painful and frustrating, but with these effective home remedies and OTC treatments, you can find temporary relief while waiting to see a dentist. Remember, these solutions are not substitutes for professional care. A dental professional should evaluate persistent or severe pain to prevent complications.

While you wait for your dental appointment, these remedies can help reduce pain and inflammation:

1. Salt Water Rinse

A salt water rinse is a natural antibacterial solution that can reduce inflammation and clean the affected area.

How to Use:

  • Mix 1 teaspoon of salt in warm water.
  • Swish the solution in your mouth for 30 seconds, then spit it out.
  • Repeat several times a day.

2. Cold Compress

A cold compress helps reduce swelling and numbs the area to relieve pain.

How to Use:

  • Wrap an ice pack or a bag of frozen peas in a cloth.
  • Apply it to the cheek near the painful area for 15–20 minutes.
  • Repeat every few hours.

3. Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers

OTC medications like ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) can reduce pain and inflammation.

  • Tip: Ibuprofen is particularly effective for swelling because it has anti-inflammatory properties.

4. Benzocaine Gels

Topical anesthetics like Orajel or Anbesol, which contain benzocaine, can temporarily numb the area.

  • Caution: Do not use benzocaine products in children under 2 years old.

5. Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse

A hydrogen peroxide rinse can help kill bacteria, reduce inflammation, and temporarily ease discomfort.

How to Use:

  • Mix equal parts of 3% hydrogen peroxide and water.
  • Swish the solution in your mouth for 30 seconds.
  • Spit it out and rinse your mouth with plain water.
  • Do not swallow the mixture.

6. Clove Oil

Clove oil contains eugenol, a natural anesthetic and antibacterial agent.

How to Use:

  • Dip a cotton swab into clove oil.
  • Gently apply it to the affected tooth and surrounding gums.
  • Repeat as needed.

7. Peppermint Tea Bags

Warm or cooled peppermint tea bags can soothe irritated gums and reduce pain.

How to Use:

  • Steep a tea bag in hot water, then let it cool to a comfortable temperature.
  • Place it directly on the affected tooth for 20 minutes.

8. Garlic Paste

Garlic has natural antibacterial and analgesic properties.

How to Use:

  • Crush a garlic clove to form a paste.
  • Apply the paste directly to the painful area.
  • Rinse your mouth thoroughly afterward.

9. Baking Soda Paste

A baking soda paste can help neutralize acids in the mouth and reduce pain.

How to Use:

  • Mix a small amount of baking soda with water to form a paste.
  • Apply the paste directly to the affected tooth using a cotton swab.

10. Salt and Baking Soda Rinse

Combining salt and baking soda in warm water creates a powerful antibacterial rinse.

How to Use:

  • Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt and ½ teaspoon baking soda in warm water.
  • Swish the mixture in your mouth for 30 seconds, then spit it out.

11. Flossing

Sometimes, toothache pain is caused by trapped food particles. Flossing can dislodge debris and reduce discomfort.

How to Use:

  • Gently floss around the affected tooth, not irritating the gums.
  • Rinse with water afterward.

12. Temporary Dental Fillers

Temporary filling materials, such as Dentemp, can cover exposed cavities and protect the tooth until you see a dentist.

How to Use:

  • Follow the package instructions to apply the material over the damaged area.

Ineffective or Risky Remedies to Avoid

Some remedies are not supported by evidence or may cause harm. Avoid the following:

  • Whiskey or alcohol rinses: Alcohol can irritate oral tissues.
  • Aspirin placed on the tooth: This can burn the gum tissue.
  • Essential oils not diluted properly: Undiluted oils can cause irritation or burns.

Preventing Future Toothaches

Prevention is the best strategy for avoiding toothaches. Here’s how:

Practice Good Oral Hygiene

  • Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
  • Floss once daily to remove debris and prevent plaque buildup.

Eat a Tooth-Friendly Diet

  • Avoid sugary foods and drinks.
  • Include foods rich in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins, such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fish.

Visit the Dentist Regularly

  • Schedule professional cleanings and check-ups at least twice a year.
  • Address minor dental issues before they become significant problems.

Protect Your Teeth

  • Wear a mouthguard if you grind your teeth or play contact sports.
  • Avoid chewing on hard objects like ice or pens.